This issue of e-dialogos offers insights into two of the most pressing needs in the world of conservation: sustainability and community involvement in the conservation of cultural heritage. These two closely linked topics have become increasingly important in the heritage conservation debate over the last years. The recognition of the living aspect of heritage has slowly changed traditional perceptions and concepts of conservation, both by acknowledging the importance and continuity of many cultural practices around the world, and also by understanding the value of increasing involvement in conservation by the general public. This involvement may guide decisions during conservation projects, where traditional knowledge and practices play a major role, but it is also fundamental for the long-term maintenance and use of heritage sites, in accordance with the significance of the sites.